A historical region and former province of southwest France. Settled originally by Basque peoples, it was conquered by the Romans and later by the Visigoths and Franks. A new wave of Basque invaders from south of the Pyrenees established the duchy of Vasconia in the sixth century A.D. In 1052 Gascony passed to the duchy of Aquitaine, and after serving as a major battlefield during the Hundred Years' War, it finally became part of the French royal domain in 1607.
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: Gascony
Historical and cultural region, southwestern France. It encompasses portions of the southwestern French régions of Aquitaine and Midi-Pyrénées. Historically, it consisted of the northern foothills of the Pyrenees and extended east from the Basque Country along the France-Spain border to Toulouse on the upper Garonne River. Under Roman rule it was the province of Novempopulana. Taken by the Visigoths in the 5th century and by the Franks in 507, it was overrun from 561 by the Basques, or Vascones; in 602 the Frankish kings recognized Vasconia, or Gascony, as a duchy. In 1052 it was conquered by Aquitaine, and in the 12th century it passed to the Plantagenet kings of England. In the Hundred Years' War, Gascony retained English allegiance until the French reconquest in the mid-15th century.
British History: Gascony
French region lying between the river Garonne and the Pyrenees. In the 11th cent. it was acquired by the dukes of Aquitaine; the 1152 marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to Henry II meant that it passed into the hands of the kings of England. As a result of military defeats suffered in John's reign, from the early 13th cent. onwards the duchy of Aquitaine generally consisted of little but Gascony. The total disarray of Henry VI's government in 1450 allowed the triumphant Charles VI of France to walk into Gascony virtually unopposed.
Columbia Encyclopedia: Gascony
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| Provinces in 1789 |
Alsace • Angoumois • Anjou • Artois • Aunis • Auvergne • Basse-Navarre • Béarn • Beaujolais • Berry • Bourbonnais • Burgundy • Brittany • Champagne • Corsica • Dauphiné • Flanders/Hainaut (Flanders & Hainaut) • Pays de Foix • Forez • Franche-Comté • Gascony •
Guyenne • Île-de-France • Languedoc • Landau • Limousin • Lorraine • Lyonnais • Maine • Marche • Nivernais • Normandie • Orléanais • Perche • Picardy • Poitou • Provence • Roussillon • Saintonge • Touraine • Trois-Évêchés
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